Section 1: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology

Table of Contents

• 1. Resting Potentials & Action Potentials, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Introduction to Action Potential, Features of Action Potentials, Intracellular Recordings from Neurons, Components of the Action Potentials
• Part 2 Ionic Mechanisms of Resting Potentials, Goldman-Hodgkin and Katz (GHK) Equation, Membrane Potential Laboratory, Test Your Knowledge
• 2. Ionic Mechanisms of Action Potentials, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Ionic Mechanisms of Action Potentials, Voltage-Dependent Conductances, Na+ Inactivation, Voltage-Dependent K+ Conductance
• Part 2 Sequence of Conductance Changes Underlying the Nerve Action Potential, Pharmacology of the Voltage-Dependent Membrane Channels
• Part 3 Pumps and Leaks, Test Your Knowledge, Types of Membrane Channels, Absolute and Relative Refractory Periods, Action Potential Laboratory
• 3. Propagation of Action Potentials, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Charge, Determinants of Propagation Velocity, Propagation in Myelinated Fibers
• 4. Synaptic Transmission at the Skeletal Neuromuscular Junction, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Anatomy of the Neuromuscular Junction, Physiology of Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction, Propagation of the EPP
• Part 2 Overview of the Sequence of Events Underlying the EPP, Role of AChE, Myasthenia Gravis, Iontophoresis of ACh, Ionic Mechanisms of the EPP, Test Your Knowledge
• 5. Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Role of Calcium in Transmitter Release, Calcium Hypotheses for Chemical Synaptic Transmission, Quantal Nature of Transmitter Release, Test Your Knowledge
• 6. Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Synaptic Transmission in a Simple Reflex Circuit, Synaptic Potentials, Ionic Mechanisms of EPSPs, Differences between the EPSP at the Skeletal Neuromuscular Junction and EPSPs in the CNS
• Part 2 Temporal and Spatial Summation, IPSPs, Ionic Mechanism of IPSPs, Transmitter Substance of the Spinal Inhibitory Neuron, Metabotropic Synaptic Responses, Neurotoxins
• 7. Synaptic Plasticity, John H. Byrne, Ph.D.
• Part 1 Synaptic Plasticity
• Part 2 Synaptic Plasticity continued, Summary
• 8. Organization of Cell Types, Jack C. Waymire, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction to Neurons and Glial Cells
    
  • Part 2 Model Neuron
  • Part 3 Cell Soma
  • Part 4 Dendrites
    
  • Part 5 Initial Segment and Axon Hillock
  • Part 6 Axon
  • Part 7 Nerve Ending, Cellular Elements at the Typical Nerve Terminal
  • Part 8 Structural Variations
  • Part 9 Naming Neurons
  • Part 10 Organelles
  • Part 11 Glial Cells and Function
  • Part 12 Macroglia, Protoplasmic Astrocytes, Fibrous Astrocytes
  • Part 13 Oligodendroglia
  • Part 14 Ependyma
  • Part 15 Microglia, Test Your Knowledge
• 9. Synapse Formation/Survival/Elimination, Andrew J. Bean, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction, Axon Pathfinding
  • Part 2 Sources of Guidance Information, Guidepost Cells, Fasiculation, Guidance Forces, Target Recognition-Topographic Maps
  • Part 3 Molecules Involved in Axon Growth, Cell Adhesion Molecules and Extracellular Matrix Molecules
  • Part 4 Additional Molecules Involved in Axon Guidance, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/Phosphatases, Extracellular Matrix Molecules, Netrins, Semaphorins and Their Receptors, Summary
  • Part 5 Introduction, Molecular Mechanisms of Presynaptic Differentation, Molecular Mechanisms of Postsynaptic Differentiation
  • Part 6 Agrin
  • Part 7 Neuronal Survival/Synapse Elimination, Cell Death, Injury/Regeneration, and Trophic Factors
  • Part 8 Survival of Certain Neurons Depends on NGF
  • Part 9 Neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System Can Regenerate Their Axons, Neuronal Regeneration
  • Part 10 Neurons of the CNS Have Very Limited Capacity To Regenerate, New Frontiers - The Use of Brain Transplants in Diseases and Neuropathologies, Summary, Test Your Knowledge
• 10. Transport and the Molecular Mechanism of Secretion, Jack C. Waymire, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction
  • Part 2 Synthesis of Vesicles and Proteins, Perinuclear Cisternae and Ribosomal Protein Synthesis, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
  • Part 3 Anterograde Transport of Vesicles
  • Part 4 Secretory Mechanism
  • Part 5 Vesicle Recapture, Retrograde Axoplasmic Transport, Test Your Knowledge
• 11. Acetylcholine Neurotransmission, Jack C. Waymire, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction
  • Part 2 Acetylcholine in the Autonomic Nervous System, ACh in the Peripheral Nervous System, ACh in the Central Nervous System
  • Part 3 Introduction to the Cell Biology of the Cholinergic Synapse
  • Part 4 Synthesis of ACh, Storage of ACh, Release of ACh
  • Part 5 ACh Receptors, The Nicotinic Receptor, The Muscarinic Receptor
  • Part 6 Termination of ACh Action
  • Part 7 Physiology
  • Part 8 Behavior, Clinical, Cholinergic Pharmacological Agents, Test Your Knowledge
• 12. Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters, Jack C. Waymire, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction
  • Part 2 Anatomy of Catecholamines, Autonomic Nervous Systems, Central Nervous System
  • Part 3 Dopamine - Anatomy
    Part 4 Norepinephrine - Anatomy, Epinephrine - Anatomy
  • Part 5 Serotonin - Anatomy
  • Part 6 Histamine - Anatomy
  • Part 7 Introduction to Cell Biology, Cell Biology - Biosynthesis of Monoamines, Storage of Monoamines, Release of Monoamines
  • Part 8 Properties of Monoamine Receptors, NE and E Receptors, Relationship Between Peripheral NE and E Receptor Type, Location and Effector Mechanism, Relationship Between CNS NE Receptor Type and Effector Mechanism, DA Receptors, Relationship Between CNS Dopamine Receptor Type, Location and Effector Mechanism, 5-HT Receptors, Relationship Between CNS 5-HT Receptor Type and Effector Mechanism, Histamine Receptors, Relationship Between CNS and Peripheral Histamine Receptor Type, Location and Effector Mechanism
  • Part 9 Inactivation of MA Neurotransmitters by Reuptake and Metabolism, Reuptake of MA Neurotransmitters, Metabolism of MA Neurotransmitters
  • Part 10 Dopamine - Physiological and Behavioral Actions, Norepinephrine - Physiological and Behavioral Actions, Serotonin - Physiological and Behavioral Actions
  • Part 11 Clinical Importance and Pharmacology, Dopamine - Clinical Importance and Pharmacology, Norepinephrine - Clinical Importance and Pharmacology, Serotonin - Clinical Importance and Pharmacology, Histamine - Clinical Importance and Pharmacology, Test Your Knowledge
• 13. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, M. Neal Waxham, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction and Review, Spatial and Morphological Distinctions between Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs, Structure of Amino Acid Transmitters
  • Part 2 Biosynthesis of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, Glutamate and Aspartate, Glycine, Ca²⁺-Dependent Release, Test Your Knowledge
  • Part 3 Receptors for Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, Glutamate Receptors, Test Your Knowledge
  • Part 4 Receptors-GABA_A and Glycine, GABA Receptors, Characteristics of GABA_A Receptor, Glycine Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate and GABA_B Receptors, Test Your Knowledge
  • Part 5 Termination of Action, Clinical Manifestations of Altered Glutamate Levels, Diseases Associated with GABA
• 14. Neuropeptides and Nitric Oxide, M. Neal Waxham, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Introduction to Neuropeptides and Nitric Oxide, Neuropeptides, Classification of Peptides by Families
  • Part 2 Biosynthesis and Regulation, Multiple Mechanisms are Utilized to Produce the Diversity of Neuropeptides, Release, Termination of Action, Receptors are all G-protein Linked, Test Your Knowledge
  • Part 3 Nitric Oxide (NO), Characteristics of NO, Synthesis by Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) and Release, "Receptors" for NO
  • Part 4 Biological Effects of NO, Vasodilator, Neuromodulator, Toxicity, Test Your Knowledge
• 15. Genetics and Neuronal Disease, Andrew J. Bean, Ph.D.
  • Part 1 Human Genome, There are Four Major Routes to Gene Identification, Homologous Recombination
  • Part 2 Patterns of Mendelian Inheritance, Genetic (linkage) Mapping, Applications of a Linkage Map, Factors Affecting Linkage Mapping of a Disease Trait, Proving a Candidate Gene is Causally Mutated
  • Part 3 Single Gene or Polygenic?, Mapping Complex Traits, Gene Therapy